Speech, guns and melee trump all. Science gives skillpoints on level so thankfully you can put points into them, but for all other applications it's crap. There are about half a dozen Science dialogue options throughout the game compared to fifty bajillion speech ones.
I've got 13 points in lockpick and 100 in science and have still picked more locks and accessed more stuff with locks than with computer terminals. ED-E can be addressed with a moderate repair level and a bit of hunting for supplies.
Survival is shit because it's an alternate medicine route with some major downsides. The food heals over time and at 100 points only one or two recipes heal better than the (weightless) stimpaks/super stimpaks in my inventory with 30 points in medicine. With some tweaking it would be super cool and really involving having to knock together your remedies and chems, but only if Medicine was removed completely and the game was tweaked fairly heavily and you played in Hardcore.
As it is I use ED-E to store about 250lbs of misc food items, picking up and crafting every hour at least, and still only get a handful of things, of which only the Desert Salad is any good. Having to open your pip boy and poison my unarmed weapons with each new enemy is tiresome and unrewarding.
Barter is almost entirely pointless because the vendors usually have so few caps with such a long reset time that to sell all the junk you pick up you have to fast travel around to multiple vendors and sell your inventory away piecemeal. If you had a high Barter skill you would be unable to sell more than one gun to each person before having to move on.