It started with supercomputers, universities, and STEM related work. And hit isn't the word I would use to describe the evolution. The growth for the most part has been steady, as indicated by your chart. Until AMD can replace Nvidia in industry, R&D towards being the fastest in gaming is like winning the special Olympics. If AMD can't apply their fastest cards towards industry, it limits how much R&D can be recouped.
None of the CUDA growth was reflected in anything in/around 2006 as you're trying to use to excuse away AMD's shortcomings even then (which again and additionally even not having a successful CUDA competitor back then was actually yet another stumble/misstep of AMD's as you're also now conceding to with what you're now saying, and with what we can certainly say as of today's landscape) - that was all gaming giving them their lead back then. That's why Nvidia was including CUDA in consumer GPUS - to try and gain adoption among the 'garage coders' who were also gamers etc (that eventually paid off in 2012 with AlexNet - which got us to where we are today). A move that Wallstreet didn't like and slammed them for because it was impeding/taking resources away from their biggest money maker then - gaming - here's their business/datacenter vs gaming revenues for back then. They reported all this as a public company back then - it's all documented - you can't just rewrite history as you're trying to do.
Edit: And here - so you can really see when things started changing on the gaming/datacenter side - from the year 2000-2026:
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