Hurin, you accuse others of not acknowledging the nuance of the situation, but your counter argument is clearly guilty of the same thing. So, for the sake of understanding, the situation is that as customers we pay for our bandwidth through our Service Provider, we pay for our calls through our VOIP Service, before VOIP we used to pay for our access to foreign networks as well through the standard telephone network (now we don't because we now know how much it really costs and we've got options, also we're not stupid enough to pay it anymore). As Service Providers, the telcos get paid for Internet access (payment 1), they also get paid for the VOIP service that they provide (payment 2), they also want to get paid for the access to foreign voice networks like they always have in the past (payment 3). Now I realize that some rual service providers don't offer broadband or VOIP service, and in that small set of circumstances perhaps some remedy is needed. In that particular situation the market has already recognized that something needs to be done, because the VOIP providers have already tried to make offers to the rual telcos (offers that were refused by the way). Therefore I recommend research and mediation NOT LEGISLATION as Mr. Ted ("the internet is made of tubes") Stevens advocates (whom I personally wouldn't trust to run a cash register at McDonalds). The rual telcos are complaining to congress that this "phantom traffic" cost them $2 billion last year, with no evidence to back that up, so I'm not inclined to take them at their word. The rual customers also have other options besides the rual telcos, they can purchase broadband internet access through satellite service providers, and VOIP as well, so their customers will not be left out (they may perhaps even be better off). The rual telcos should have see this coming (just like the record companies), and when I say that they should offer VOIP service and take advantage of the same IP "fairy dust," I'm being 100% sincere, the competition would only help the customers. Hell, the rual telcos can even invest in satellite service for their customers and pull the existing copper that they have in the ground out and sell it since it is now selling at 4x what it was in the past and even make a pretty penny in the process... Does that pretty much sum up the situation? I'm not discounting the argument completely, but the remedies that are being suggested by the telcos and Mr. Stevens are outrageous.