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The US Patent and Trademark Office has granted Google two patents that cover "methods and apparatus of estimating similarity" and a "digital mapping system".
Patent number 7,158,961 concerning the 'similarity engine' was initially filed in 2001 and has taken over five years to receive approval. It describes a method whereby a similarity engine generates compact representations of objects called 'sketches'. These sketches, which contain weighting according to placement vectors, can then be compared for similarities.