There won't be much of a difference for recording something of speed vs not, with the exception of buying a camera that is capable of 60fps or above (which will more than likely be out of your price range.)
You'd be surprised even what an inexpensive camera can get you. I'd recommend a Canon T2i. If you have more cash, a used 5D Mark II, and a boatload, I'd get the 5D Mark III.
You'll be surprised what you can get out of a T2i, provided you use the proper techniques. Here is a great example of what a T2i can do: http://vimeo.com/32655795
There is tons of 5D Mark II footage everywhere, so I'll leave that to you to find it.
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