SATA and PATA (Both are IDE I think) are two ways to connect storage devices. SATA uses a small 6 pin connector, and it's a serial interface. PATA on the other hand uses those big 40 pin ribbon cables and transfers data over a parallel interface.
SATA has a maximum theoretical throughput of 150 MB/s right now; PATA maxes out at ATA/133. In practice, both pretty much transfer at the same rates anyways, probably around 50 - 60 MB/s depending on the drive.
I think the a7N8X has SATA connectors on it, so yeah, you could use SATA drives.