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Engineer would like to rewrite Windows — in Rust — using AI

Marees

Supreme [H]ardness
Joined
Sep 28, 2018
Messages
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In a job listing, Galen Hunt, who has been with Microsoft for the past three decades and is currently a Distinguished Engineer, confirmed that his team has an opening for an “IC5 Principal Software Engineer.” But it’s far from a simple job listing. Windows Latest spotted some intriguing details on Microsoft’s careers and LinkedIn post.

In one of the LinkedIn posts, the company’s top-level engineer says:

[Our] goal is to eliminate every line of C and C++ from Microsoft by 2030. Our strategy is to combine AI *and* Algorithms to rewrite Microsoft’s largest codebases.”

All of that might sound delusional if you realize Windows is primarily written in C and C++, but Microsoft insists everything is possible when an engineer can use AI to write more than a million lines of code every month.

“1 engineer, 1 month, 1 million lines of code”.​

A single engineer and one million lines of code every month, and you’ll have “C and C++” eliminated from Microsoft. Microsoft is actively hiring such developers who would join the company’s “eliminate C and C++ by 2030” plan as an IC5 Principal Software Engineer.

“Our North Star is “1 engineer, 1 month, 1 million lines of code,” Microsoft’s Galen Hunt wrote in a LinkedIn post spotted by Windows Latest.

Microsoft-job-listing.jpg


Rust is part of Microsoft’s efforts to make Windows more secure, while WebView2 takes care of the frontend​

Microsoft has been advocating for Rust over C and C++ for nearly six years, but at that point, we had no clue that the company actually planned to dump C and C++ as soon as possible.

“What separates Rust from C and C++ is its strong safety guarantees,” Microsoft argues in a blog post from 2019. “Unless explicitly opted-out of through usage of the “unsafe” keyword, Rust is completely memory safe.”

Microsoft recently made Windows APIs ready for Rust developers. There’s also a repo on GitHub called “windows-rs,” which is a Rust projection (bindings + glue) of the Windows API, so Rust code can call Win32, COM, and WinRT the same way C++ or C# would.

Microsoft also has a separate effort for Rust driver development (windows-drivers-rs on GitHub), which shows the company is exploring Rust beyond apps, too. And it turns out this whole “optimize for Rust” was not a one-off project or fancy “open-source” work, as the company is really serious about Rust.

So far, Microsoft’s attempt to replace native languages like C++, WinUI, XAML, etc, hasn’t gone well with consumers or even enterprises. In fact, Microsoft has contributed to the broader problem, where the most popular Windows apps are RAM-consuming monsters, such as Discord or the company’s own Teams.


https://www.windowslatest.com/2025/...ng-ai-as-windows-11-adopts-rust-and-webview2/
 
1 million lines of code / month / engineer? Hah! Good luck.
At the very least, you need someone to verify the code and look over it. That alone would take well over a month unless you want an operating system that makes the current version of Windows vastly more secure in comparison.
 
I don't know about the 1m loc figure, but here are the realities of swdev in all big tech companies -

- most of them got rid of testers long before the arrival of our Lord the LLM. dedicated testers were simply too expensive
- companies switched to rapid release schedules, fixing in production and betas that last years/decades
- the biggest quality control was in CI/CD

ever since llm's became good enough (sometime last year) this is how things look now -

- almost all prototyping, scaffolding is done by llm
- all test code is written by llm's. its trivial and they are very very good at it, so a LOT more test code is written
- all code reviews, creating PRs, replying to issues is done by llm
- almost all refactoring is done by llm
- so what does the dev do? iteration, core logic, coming up with new ideas. none of the grunt work

if any of you know about the realities of dev, 90% of your job is grunt work and interfacing with other humans (meetings).

Google etc have said 25% of their code is now written by llm, so this is not really that outrageous, if you ignore the hyperbole.
 
Do it.

Show everyone how good Rust is.
(Microsoft has no plans to rewrite Windows in Rust, but)
Galen seems to be gathering people to finish C/C++. Is it like The Lord of the Rust?
 
Microsoft started the Fellowship Of The Rust 6 years ago

Microsoft: We're creating a new Rust-like programming language for secure coding​

Microsoft's Project Verona involves creating a new language for "safe infrastructure programming" to be open-sourced soon.

Written by Liam Tung, Contributing Writer
Dec. 2, 2019 at 6:25 a.m. PT

https://www.zdnet.com/article/micro...based-programming-language-for-secure-coding/

Microsoft to explore using Rust​

Rust has been gaining in popularity and Microsoft intends to see if it can hold up to its demands.

Written by Catalin Cimpanu, Contributor
July 17, 2019 at 3:49 a.m. PT

The OS maker has been looking for safer C and C++ alternatives for years. In June 2016, Microsoft open-sourced "Checked C," an extension to the C programming language that brought new features to address a series of security-related issues.

In research presented earlier this year (6 years ago) at the BlueHat Israel security conference, Microsoft security engineer Matt Miller said that over the last 12 years, around 70% of all Microsoft's yearly patches were fixes for memory safety bugs.

https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-to-explore-using-rust/
 
Keep watching this space. This is not the end of the story

“My goal is to eliminate every line of C and C++ from Microsoft by 2030” — Microsoft bets on AI to re-write Windows (Update: Microsoft says no.)​

News
By Sean Endicott last updated 11 hours ago
A distinguished engineer outlined a "previously unimaginable" plan to rewrite millions of lines of code using AI agents and algorithms.


Update (December 24, 2025): It's Christmas Eve! So Merry Christmas to those celebrating. However, I have some disappointing news for Rustaceans out there. It turns out that this is just a "research" project at Microsoft, and not necessarily a goal for Windows 11, 12, or beyond, according to an update from the developer. Still, the previous claim of attempts to "eliminate all of C" from Microsoft by 2030 sounded a bit more like a mission statement than a research project ... Converting all of Microsoft's codebases, AI or not, did sound slightly unachievable to me ... but hey. The original article continues below. — Exec. Editor, Jez Corden


https://www.windowscentral.com/micr...osoft-bets-on-ai-to-finally-modernize-windows
 
Keep watching this space. This is not the end of the story

“My goal is to eliminate every line of C and C++ from Microsoft by 2030” — Microsoft bets on AI to re-write Windows (Update: Microsoft says no.)​

News
By Sean Endicott last updated 11 hours ago
A distinguished engineer outlined a "previously unimaginable" plan to rewrite millions of lines of code using AI agents and algorithms.


Update (December 24, 2025): It's Christmas Eve! So Merry Christmas to those celebrating. However, I have some disappointing news for Rustaceans out there. It turns out that this is just a "research" project at Microsoft, and not necessarily a goal for Windows 11, 12, or beyond, according to an update from the developer. Still, the previous claim of attempts to "eliminate all of C" from Microsoft by 2030 sounded a bit more like a mission statement than a research project ... Converting all of Microsoft's codebases, AI or not, did sound slightly unachievable to me ... but hey. The original article continues below. — Exec. Editor, Jez Corden


https://www.windowscentral.com/micr...osoft-bets-on-ai-to-finally-modernize-windows

Microsoft has been shifting parts of its code to Rust for years. As highlighted by Thurrott.com, Microsoft started rewriting parts of the Windows Kernel using Rust in 2023. Even though AI hadn't exploded into the public eye back then, Microsoft was already experimenting with using LLMs to translate C and C++ code into Rust.

Microsoft Corporate Vice President of Enterprise and OS Security David Weston spoke on the transition to Rust last year. An Azure blog post by Jeffrey Cooperstein from 2023 explained several benefits of transitioning to Rust.

"Decades of vulnerabilities have proven how difficult it is to prevent memory-corrupting bugs when using C/C++. While garbage-collected languages like C# or Java have proven more resilient to these issues, there are scenarios where they cannot be used. For such cases, we’re betting on Rust as the alternative to C/C++. Rust is a modern language designed to compete with the performance C/C++, but with memory safety and thread safety guarantees built into the language. While we are not able to rewrite everything in Rust overnight, we’ve already adopted Rust in some of the most critical components of Azure’s infrastructure. We expect our adoption of Rust to expand substantially over time."

Cooperstein highlighted the "major investment" Microsoft will make over several years regarding the move to Rust.
 
If they can eliminate the memory leaks and io deadlocks, I'd be all for it. Thst said, haven't booted up my windows install in quite a while...
 
Good for Linux then.

As somebody who used the current top of the line LLMs to convert C and C++ to Rust I see various problems with this approach. Just one of the first ones is the amount of declared-unsafe sections in the resulting Rust, around system calls. The actual OS kernel deals with hardware which is always unsafe in the Rust sense.
 
Honestly I don't care what language or method they use, if they can make Windows less buggy I'm for it. Probably wouldn't make me want to use it more, but would make using it more enjoyable.
 
Post update makes way more sense. Get a team together to develop, test, and experience machine translation from C to Rust on a small part of Windows. See how that goes, maybe do some more, maybe give up. Only after you've gotten the process worked out would you be able to put a timeline on doing the rest... Most likely the timeline won't be right, that's how timelines are...

But there's so many modular pieces in Windows, if you want to do a rewrite, a little at a time is a good plan.

It'd be a lot easier if they hadn't ended Software Development in Test though. For a no end user impact rewrite, you want to make more tests.
 
Honestly I don't care what language or method they use, if they can make Windows less buggy I'm for it. Probably wouldn't make me want to use it more, but would make using it more enjoyable.
I don't suspect windows crashes due to memory errors often or at all.

The other major component here is maintainability. You're not getting eyes on 1 million lines of code in a month. How will anyone know if the code base is maintainable?

(performant memory safe compiled languages have existed for years already, Rust isn't special)
 
I don't suspect windows crashes due to memory errors often or at all.

The other major component here is maintainability. You're not getting eyes on 1 million lines of code in a month. How will anyone know if the code base is maintainable?

(performant memory safe compiled languages have existed for years already, Rust isn't special)
Buggy != crashy

You can have weird, unexpected behaviour caused by bad code, which doesn't result in a crash. And I don't care if they code it in Rust, C, or assembly, as long as it is improved.

I'm not holding my breath. I'm just saying, if it's better, that's good imo.
 
1 million lines of code / month / engineer? Hah! Good luck.
They haven't gotten rid of the Control Panel yet, and they started with Windows 8 in 2012, and they're going to 100% rewrite Windows in 4 years?
 
They haven't gotten rid of the Control Panel yet, and they started with Windows 8 in 2012, and they're going to 100% rewrite Windows in 4 years?
Win 11 still supports part of OLE, which goes back to the Win 3.11 days. There are parts of Windows still being supported that go back 30+ years.
 
Win 11 still supports part of OLE, which goes back to the Win 3.11 days.
As far as I know they're not trying to get rid of OLE, though, whereas Settings is supposed to be a replacement for the Control Panel.
 

Microsoft denies rewriting Windows 11 using AI after an employee’s “one engineer, one month, one million code” post on LinkedIn causes outrage​

https://www.windowslatest.com/2025/...million-code-post-on-linkedin-causes-outrage/
Galen Hunt, who originally claimed C and C++ are being replaced with Rust using AI, also updated his LinkedIn post with the following clarification:

“It appears my post generated far more attention than I intended… with a lot of speculative reading between the lines.. Just to clarify… Windows is *NOT* being rewritten in Rust with AI.

My team’s project is a research project. We are building tech to make migration from language to language possible. The intent of my post was to find like-minded engineers to join us on the next stage of this multi-year endeavor—not to set a new strategy for Windows 11+ or to imply that Rust is an endpoint.
 
Theres nothing really outrageous here on any level.

Even Linux is moving toward Rust.

It's a language. If it's better for today's code issues then it's better. Microsoft using it doesn't make it good or bad. It's a tool.

If MS does or does not want to rewrite all it's software from the ground up in another language then... Ok? Their choice.

And of all the uses for AI assisting with code is probably a good one, provided it's used responsibly and double checked like everything else. A million lines of code a month sounds like a typical exaggeration someone would throw around in any chat room. But who knows? If as a senior dev he is speaking of a non-consumer use of AI such as throwing the computational power of MS entire multi gigawatt data center system at it, maybe it is possible to generate a whole lot of usable code and mostly validate it very fast. It's still being paid for in the billions of dollars cost of the data centers and the energy consumption.
 
Theres nothing really outrageous here on any level.

Even Linux is moving toward Rust.

It's a language. If it's better for today's code issues then it's better. Microsoft using it doesn't make it good or bad. It's a tool.

If MS does or does not want to rewrite all it's software from the ground up in another language then... Ok? Their choice.

And of all the uses for AI assisting with code is probably a good one, provided it's used responsibly and double checked like everything else. A million lines of code a month sounds like a typical exaggeration someone would throw around in any chat room. But who knows? If as a senior dev he is speaking of a non-consumer use of AI such as throwing the computational power of MS entire multi gigawatt data center system at it, maybe it is possible to generate a whole lot of usable code and mostly validate it very fast. It's still being paid for in the billions of dollars cost of the data centers and the energy consumption.
Plus, does this development mean that Microsoft will become 100% Agile?
 
Considering the 4 key points of Agile software development, I'd say hell will freeze over first.
 
How do you rate MS on these 4 key points?
  • Individuals and interactions over processes and tools - Maybe they consider this internally, but externally the user experience as an individual and their interaction aren't considered much over processes and tools which seem to be sacrosanct to Microsoft.
  • Working software over comprehensive documentation - This one, I suppose for the most part they follow. Especially Windows which is an unruly mess of decades of compatible working software but frequently documentation is scattered everywhere or not available. As far as the internal code itself, we can't see it so who knows.
  • Customer collaboration over contract negotiation - Yeah. No. And hell will freeze over before MS starts listening and collaborating directly with customers rather than being all about the contract.
  • Responding to change over following a plan - If they believed in this one, a whole lot of features and UI in all their software would have been scrapped (or left alone) over the last 20 years. Following their plans into a pit they have to dig out of later is what they do best.
 
The goal is to use React for front-end & Rust for back-end

But this all looks haphazard & not thought thru

As someone said if the Rust code is labeled unsafe then what is the point
Also Edge uses Javascript instead of 100% React

They are just throwing mud at the wall & seeing what sticks
 
hell will freeze over before MS starts listening and collaborating directly with customers rather than being all about the contract.
We just want the task bar to move around like in Windows 10
 
To be fair….
It’s Microsoft we’re talking about, 1 million lines could be 2/3’rds comments and commented out code with no notes.

And the remaining 300k lines, could be 90% useless and circular with a half dozen memory leaks because why wouldn’t it?

I would not at all be surprised if that 1 million lines of C could be pooled down to 250k lines of rust.
 
The goal is to use React for front-end & Rust for back-end

But this all looks haphazard & not thought thru

As someone said if the Rust code is labeled unsafe then what is the point
Also Edge uses Javascript instead of 100% React

They are just throwing mud at the wall & seeing what sticks
React? Barf. Nobody will be able to afford enough RAM to actually use it!
 
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